Iowa scientists tackle avian flu in cattle

By Andi Anderson

As avian influenza continues to appear in dairy herds across the United States, a team from Iowa State University's College of Veterinary Medicine has identified a potential pathway for the virus into cattle.

Their study focuses on the mammary glands as a key entry point, a novel finding in veterinary research.

The research began after detecting avian flu in raw milk from affected cattle. Todd Bell, a professor of veterinary pathology and study co-author, emphasized the significance of their findings.

"We’ve never seen this before. Why is this happening?” Bell questioned, highlighting the urgency in understanding this unusual transmission mode.

The study reveals that bovine mammary gland tissue contains receptors that the avian influenza virus can bind to, explaining how the infection might occur.

This discovery is critical as it not only addresses how the virus is entering cattle but also raises concerns about its potential to create a new virus by combining with human influenza viruses, according to Bell.

The presence of avian flu has been confirmed in dairy herds in 12 states, including 13 herds in Iowa alone. The American Veterinary Medical Association notes that the virus has recently been detected in Idaho, where several counties have placed herds under quarantine.

The implications of this research are vast. Understanding the virus's entry points can help develop targeted biosecurity measures to prevent its spread. Bell mentioned the possibility of the virus surviving on milking machines, which could be a significant factor in its transmission.

The study extends beyond cattle, as the team plans to examine sheep and goats for similar receptors. This comprehensive approach aims to mitigate the risks avian flu poses to various livestock and prevent its entry into the human food chain through products like milk.

As the research progresses, it will guide regulatory policies on farm biosecurity and disease management, ensuring the safety of both animal and human populations.

Iowa Secretary of Agriculture Mike Naig also highlighted ongoing efforts to monitor and eventually eradicate the virus from affected herds through detailed longitudinal studies.

This proactive approach is crucial in managing and understanding the dynamics of avian influenza in agricultural settings.

Photo Credit: iowa-state-university