Iowa Explores Underground Hydrogen For Clean Energy Future

By Andi Anderson

Scientists and researchers in Iowa are exploring a new and exciting source of clean energy hidden deep underground. This energy, known as geologic hydrogen, is formed through natural processes linked to the region’s ancient geological history.

According to experts, about a billion years ago, a large crack or rift developed beneath what is now Iowa. “A rift developed deep in the Earth, magma came up and tried to split the continent apart,” said Elizabeth Swanner, a professor of Earth, atmosphere and climate at Iowa State University. “This happened about a billion years ago in what is now Iowa, spreading from Kansas and Nebraska, then up and around Minnesota and Michigan.”

During this time, molten rock moved through the Earth. “We don’t think of Iowa having volcanoes,” said Ryan Clark, the associate state geologist. “But a billion years ago this rift ran right through Iowa.”

Over time, this magma cooled and formed iron-rich rocks deep underground. When hot water interacts with these rocks, a chemical reaction releases hydrogen gas. This naturally produced gas is called geologic hydrogen.

Today, researchers and companies are beginning to study this resource more closely. Some are drilling wells and mapping underground areas to locate hydrogen deposits. If these deposits are large enough, they could become an important source of clean energy for the state.

Geologic hydrogen can be used to generate electricity through fuel cells, which produce only heat and water vapor as byproducts. It can also be used in transportation and industry. Importantly for farmers, hydrogen can help produce fertilizers, making it a valuable agricultural resource.

Scientists are also working together to understand how to develop this energy safely and effectively. Maps created by experts show that parts of the Midwest, including Iowa, may have strong potential for hydrogen storage.

Research has shown that even a small portion of the world’s geologic hydrogen could provide large amounts of energy. This makes it an attractive option compared to other energy sources.

Photo Credit: istock-dusanpetkovic