By Andi Anderson
Managing fertilizer use is essential for both farm productivity and environmental protection. Nitrogen fertilizer supports strong crop growth, but much of it can leave fields through drainage systems.
When excess nitrogen turns into nitrate, it can pollute waterways, harm aquatic life, and contaminate drinking water sources.
To address this challenge, researchers have developed a new drone mounted laboratory that can monitor nitrate runoff in real time.
Instead of collecting water or soil samples and sending them to a laboratory, the drone brings the laboratory directly to the sample. This approach makes testing faster, easier, and more flexible, especially in areas that are difficult to access.
The drone system is designed to operate in places such as muddy drainage ditches, steep waterways, and low lying fields. A small tube beneath the drone draws water into a compact testing unit while the drone remains in the air. The onboard system analyzes the sample within minutes and stores the results for later review. The drone can test several locations during a single flight.
The researchers used low cost electrochemical sensors and a simple measuring device to detect nitrate levels accurately. Testing showed that the system could identify nitrate concentrations as low as 2.5 parts per million. Its accuracy was very close to standard laboratory testing methods, proving it is reliable for real world use.
Field testing in an agricultural drainage ditch showed nitrate levels consistent with previous measurements in the same area. The results were below the maximum safe level for drinking water, confirming the system’s effectiveness and accuracy.
This new technology offers clear benefits for farmers. Real time data allows better decisions about fertilizer timing and application rates. By knowing when and where runoff occurs, farmers can reduce waste, save money, and improve nutrient efficiency.
The system also supports environmental protection. Faster monitoring helps identify pollution risks early and supports efforts to protect rivers, lakes, and groundwater. Researchers note that this lab on a drone approach could be expanded in the future to test for bacteria or pesticide contamination.
Overall, drone mounted laboratory technology represents an important step forward in precision agriculture and environmental monitoring, combining innovation, efficiency, and practical solutions for modern farming challenges.
Photo Credit: pexels-flo-dnd
Categories: Iowa, General